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Weeds
Latin Name: Paspalum Dilatatum
Common Name: Dallisgrass
Other Names: N/A
Pest Details
Origin:
Native to South America, now common throughout the southwest United States.
Biology:
A perennial grass weed that reproduces only from seed. Where regular tillage is done this is not an important weed pest, but it is common in turf, alfalfa hay fields, and in agricultural sites that are not regularly tilled. Seeds are capable of germinating throughout the year, but in cultivated crops germination seems to be primarily in mid to late spring, with plants maturing in late summer to early fall.
Identification:
Mature plants can grow as tall as 4 to 5 feet. Stems have 2 to 6 nodes, and may recline or grow upward. Leaf blades are flat, about ½ inch wide, and 2 to 6 inches long. Leaves are generally hairless, and where the leaf attaches to the stem the sheath is somewhat loose. Flower heads arise off of a stem that is up to
Latin Name: Taraxacum Officinale
Common Name: Dandelion
Other Names: Lion’s-tooth, blow-ball, cankerwort, puffball, milk witch, yellow gowan, witch’s gowan, door-head-clock, common dandelion.
Pest Details
Origin:
Introduced from Europe and now widespread and extremely common across North America.
Biology:
A perennial weed with a deep taproot, and propagation is by the wind-blown seeds, but plants easily re-grow from the taproot if it is not removed with the upper plant. Seeds germinate in spring to early summer, or year round in irrigated landscape environments. One of the most common weeds in turf.
Identification:
Mature plants grow as a rosette of leaves around the plant crown and no true stems are present. Leaves may be as long as 12 inches and have deeply lobed margins. Older leaves will exude a milky sap if they are cut or broken. Flower stalks arise from the center of the rosette, and may grow
Latin Name: Muhlenbergia Rigens
Common Name: Deergrass
Other Names: N/A
Pest Details
Origin:
Native to the west coast of the United States. Commonly used in ornamental settings due to its size and symmetry.
Biology:
A perennial grass found at elevations up to 7000 feet, in either wet or dry locations but favoring moist soils, such as stream edges, edges of meadows, gullies, or open forest areas. Suitable for grazing only with new foliage, and once mature it becomes too coarse to be palatable.
Identification:
The mature plant can be as tall as 5 feet, with a great many stems that are erect to widely spreading, and forming a very symmetrical clump. Stems arise from short, knotty rhizomes. Leaves can grow to 20 inches long, and are narrow and taper to a fine tip. The collar at the base is light tan, and a short, papery ligule is present. The flower head is a very long, thin, whip-like stalk up to 20 inches long, and lined
Latin Name: Eupatorium Capillifolium
Common Name: Dogfennel
Other Names: Summer cedar
Pest Details
Origin:
A native plant in North America, and found from New Jersey south to Florida, and west to Missouri and Texas. It also can be found in Latin America south to Guatemala and in the West Indies.
Biology:
A short-lived perennial that grows in a narrow, upright habit, with several strong stems arising from the base of the plant. Propagation is from seeds and from re-growth from the base of the plant. Found in many disturbed sites along roadsides or empty fields, as well as in newly planted turf and in nurseries.
Identification:
Mature plants can be up to 6 feet in height with one to several stems. Stems are densely hairy and arise from a woody crown. Leaves are fairly large, but are so deeply divided that they appear feathery. Lower leaves are opposite and upper leaves are alternate, and when crushed the foliage
Latin Name: Bromus Tectorum
Common Name: Downy Brome
Other Names: Cheat, cheatgrass, downy cheat
Pest Details
Origin:
Introduced from the Mediterranean in packing materials, and now widely distributed throughout North America.
Biology:
A noxious weed along roadsides, pastures, and in many crop settings, but also a primary forage plant for livestock in some mountain environments. It is a winter annual that reproduces from seeds, with seeds germinating in the winter or late fall.
Identification:
Mature plants grow to almost 3 feet tall in thick, aggressive clumps. Stems are erect and have prominent nodes that are sometimes reddish to purple in color. Leaves are broad and flat, and covered with short, soft hairs. A papery ligule is prominent at the base of the leaf where it attaches to the stem. Flower heads are large and widely opened, drooping with the weight of the seeds as they mature, and causing all the seeds to form
Latin Name: Eclipta Prostrata
Common Name: Eclipta
Other Names: False daisy, yerba-de-tago
Pest Details
Origin:
Native to the eastern United States, but now spread throughout the country, most commonly found in the southern U.S.
Biology:
An annual that sometimes will act as a biennial. It is found primarily in very wet locations such as along the banks of rivers or canals, as well as such places that will dry out later in the season. It also is a pest weed in many crop environments where irrigation is heavy. Propagation is from seeds, although stems will root at the nodes.
Identification:
Mature plants have stems that may grow to 2 feet long, but in general they are weak and tend to lay along the soil, branching up at the terminal ends and rising to form a fairly bushy appearance in larger plants. Stems will root at the nodes where they contact the soil. Both leaves and stems have a rough texture due
Latin Name: Panicum Dichotomiflorum
Common Name: Fall Panicum
Other Names: Western witchgrass, smooth witchgrass, sprouting crabgrass
Pest Details
Origin:
Native to central and eastern United States, now spread throughout the western states as well.
Biology:
A summer annual grass which propagates by seed. Seeds germinate in mid to late spring. Where the lower stem nodes touch the soil it will also develop roots, creating a much thicker bunch for an individual plant. An aggressive weed species, now widespread in cropland and pastures, as well as turf and landscape and roadside areas.
Identification:
Mature plants grow to 3 feet tall, and have stems that are noticeably bent at their bases. Stems also have a waxy appearance. Leaves are smooth on upper and lower surfaces, but are dull above and shiny on the under surface, and around ¾ inch wide. At the base of the leaf there is a ligule composed of a dense
Latin Name: Convolvulus Arvensis
Common Name: Field Bindweed
Other Names: Small bindweed, bindweed, morningglory, wild morningglory, field morningglory, orchard morningglory, creeping jenny, creeping charlie, European bindweed, greenvine, cornbind.
Pest Details
Origin:
Native to Eurasia but introduced to the United States, where it occurs throughout the continent, and is considered to be one of the most troublesome weeds here and throughout the world.
Biology:
A perennial with extremely strong and extensive roots. Bindweed grows as twining vines, with stems well over 5 feet long and roots penetrating well below 20 feet in depth. Reproduction is from seeds or rhizomes, and pieces of the rhizomes spread by cultivation or on equipment easily regrow as new plants. Both seeds and rhizomes begin growth in early spring. Foliage may be toxic to some livestock, such as hogs.
Identification:
Mature plants, on
Latin Name: Thlaspi Arvense
Common Name: Field Pennycress
Other Names: Fan weed, penny cress, French weed, stink weed, bastard cress
Pest Details
Origin:
Introduced from Europe and now found throughout the United States. It grows commonly in grain fields and pastures, and the strong odor of the plant causes a bitter flavored milk from livestock that eat it.
Biology:
A winter or summer annual, beginning as a rosette of basal leaves and then producing the tall, branched stems that produce the flowers. Propagation is from seeds that may germinate at nearly any time of the year, from early spring to late fall.
Identification:
Mature plants may be 18 inches tall, with profuse production of flowers and seeds. The basal leaves are lanceolate and with slightly wavy margins, but these leaves wither as the plant matures and produces stems. Leaves are alternate along the stem, and attach tightly to the stem with
Latin Name: Zygnematales
Common Name: Filamentous Green Algae
Other Names: N/A
Pest Details
Biology:
Identification:
Characteristicts Important to Control: