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Weeds
Latin Name: Rumex Acetosella
Common Name: Red Sorrel
Other Names: Sheep sorrel, sour grass, Indian cane, field sorrel, horse sorrel, sour weed, red-top sorrel, cow sorrel, red weed, mountain sorrel.
Pest Details
Origin:
Native to Europe, now distributed widely across the United States and southern Canada.
Biology:
A perennial broadleaf plant, with slender, creeping rhizome rootstocks. Foliage usually stays green throughout the year, with some yellowing in the fall possible. Reproduction is from seeds and from the rhizomes, with rhizomes forming new buds in early spring to produce new basal rosettes of leaves.
Identification:
Mature plants generally are low but may grow to 2 feet tall, with somewhat woody stems at the base. Underground structures include a yellow taproot and numerous slender rhizomes. Mature leaves are widely arrow shaped, with 2 wide lobes at the base and a long stem. Leaves form as a rosette
Latin Name: Leptochloa Filiformis
Common Name: Red Sprangletop
Other Names: Clustered saltgrass, loose-flowered sprangletop, raygrass, spreading millet
Pest Details
Origin:
Native to tropical Latin America.
Biology:
A summer annual grass, particularly a problem in wet environments such as ditch banks, rice fields, irrigation canals, or heavily irrigated areas. Seeds germinate in mid-spring and plants mature in late summer.
Identification:
Very similar to two other varieties of Leptochloa: Mexican sprangletop – flower head is very dense and dark colored, spikelets not awned Bearded sprangletop – flower head less dense than Mexican, but not nearly as open and loose as Red, heads dark green turning light green Mature plant forms large clumps that may grow up to 4 feet high. Foliage has no covering of hairs, but the leaf blades and their sheaths are rough to the touch. Leaf blades are up to 1/3 inch wide and up to 20 inches
Latin Name: Amaranthus Retroflexus
Common Name: Redroot Pigweed
Other Names: Pigweed, red root, careless weed, green amaranth, Chinaman’s greens.
Pest Details
Origin:
Native to tropical Latin America, but now widespread in the United States.
Biology:
An annual weed reproducing from seeds that germinate in the spring. Flowering occurs in mid-summer with seed production occurring into late fall. Pigweeds contain nitrates that can be toxic to livestock when eaten.
Identification:
Mature plants are very similar to Smooth Pigweed and Powell Amaranth. Differences may be the hairy stems and multiple branching in the upper part of the stem. Leaves have wavy margins and are dull green above and hairy below, at least along the veins. Flowers are produced as green, inconspicuous flowers in large, dense clusters, that are compact rather than longer-branched as with Smooth Pigweed. There also commonly are small flower clusters
Latin Name: Bromus Catharticus
Common Name: Rescuegrass
Other Names: Prairie brome
Pest Details
Origin:
Native to South America, and introduced to the United States for cultivation as a winter forage in the southern states. Strong growth in winter and early spring make it suitable for forage. It commonly escapes cultivated areas and becomes troublesome in crops or non-crop situations.
Biology:
An annual, or short-lived perennial. Seeds germinate in late fall and early winter, and plants mature from mid-spring into early summer. Even if grazed in the winter the plants continue to add foliage into the summer.
Identification:
Mature plants are erect, up to 3 feet tall, possibly with numerous stems arising from the same root stock. Leaf blades are up to ½ inch wide and up to 12 inches long, with a rough to sparsely hairy feel to them. The flower head is somewhat open, up to 8 inches long, and is composed of around
Latin Name: Salsola Tragus
Common Name: Russian Thistle
Other Names: Tumbleweed, common saltwort, saltwort, Russian tumbleweed, tumbling weed, windwitch, witchweed
Pest Details
Origin:
Native to Eurasia, but introduced to the United States from Russia in sacks of flaxseed, that spilled along railways as it was transported, spreading the weed throughout the western U.S.
Biology:
An annual broadleaf weed that grows particularly well in drier climates, but capable of infesting virtually any agricultural, landscape, or roadside situation. It also serves as a host of the sugarbeet leafhopper, which transmits curly to virus to vegetable crops. Seeds germinate from late winter into early summer, and the plants mature in late summer into the fall. Each plant produces enormous numbers of seeds, and due to its rolling movement in strong winds it may disperse these over great distances.
Identification:
Mature plant is very
Latin Name: Salviniaceae
Common Name: Salvinia
Other Names: N/A
Pest Details
Biology:
Identification:
Characteristicts Important to Control:
Latin Name: Capsella Bursa-pastoris
Common Name: Shepherd's Purse
Other Names: Shepherd's bag, pepper plant, case weed, pick-purse, lady's purse, St. James weed, shepherd's pouch, mother's heart.
Pest Details
Origin:
Native to Eurasia, but now found throughout North America as far north as Alaska.
Biology:
A winter annual that produces a basal rosette of leaves and multiple stems from the base. Reproduction is from seeds, with the seeds germinating from late summer to early spring.
Identification:
Mature plants may be as tall as 20 inches, and stems are slim and weak, tending to fall over as they grow. Stems are covered with long, gray hairs. Leaves mainly as the rosette around the base of the plant, as well as a few leaves on the upper stems. The upper leaves clasp the stem and are narrow and sharply pointed. The lower leaves are long and deeply lobed into many leaflets, as well as a triangular
Latin Name: Polygonum Argyrocoleon
Common Name: Silversheath Knotweed
Other Names: Persian knotweed
Pest Details
Origin:
Native to southwest Asia
Biology:
Annual plant with very similar biology to Prostrate Knotweed. Although it is an annual, and propagates by seeds, the seeds may germinate in late fall, and plants may be present in the winter and even flower then.
Identification:
Distinguished from prostrate knotweed by its more erect growth and longer, rose-colored flower spikes. Mature plant grows up to 24 inches tall. Wiry stems have many branches. Leaves similar to prostrate knotweed as small, oval, and without hairs, but with a dull, light green appearance. At the base of the leaf stem a conspicuous silvery sheath wraps around the stem. Flowers are small, pinkish, and borne on short stalks in small clusters that grow off of the flower stems at the top of the plant. Flower stems may be up to 1 foot long.
Characteristicts
Latin Name: Digitaria Ischaemum
Common Name: Smooth Crabgrass
Other Names: N/A
Pest Details
Origin:
Native to Europe and now widespread in the United States.
Biology:
A summer annual grass weed, found in virtually any situation – row crops, orchards, pastures, roadsides, landscape, turf. Seeds germinate from very early spring throughout the summer months, and plants mature from late spring through the summer into early fall. Lower joints of the stems also tend to extend roots where they touch the ground, and the plants will spread laterally in this manner.
Identification:
One of two principal species of crabgrass, Smooth Crabgrass may be distinguished from the more common Large Crabgrass by its smaller size and smooth leaves. Mature plants may be prostrate or upright, depending on the growing condition. In regularly mowed turf they adapt with lower stems. Stems may be as long as 28 inches, and are branched at the base.
Latin Name: Lotus Purshianus
Common Name: Spanish Clover
Other Names: N/A
Pest Details
Origin:
Native to the western United States, and widely distributed from southern Canada south into Mexico in the west.
Biology:
An annual weed that becomes a problem in most kinds of crops, as well on non-cultivated areas such as waste lots, roadsides, ditch banks. Propagation is from seeds that germinate in early spring.
Identification:
Mature plants may be somewhat erect, but usually have a low, spreading, mat-like growth. They are extensively branched, with stems reaching well over 2 feet in length and sometimes over 2 feet in height. Stems and leaves are generally covered with soft, grayish hairs, but sometimes may be hairless. Leaves are divided into 3 leaflets that are oblong, and the middle leaflet is on a stalk. Flowers are white to very light pink, small, and grow singly on short stalks arising from the