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Weeds
Latin Name: Chenopodium Album
Common Name: Common Lambsquarters
Other Names: Baconweed, chou grass, fat-hen, frost-blite, mealweed, pitseed goosefoot, white goosefoot, white pigweed, wild spinach.
Pest Details
Origin:
Native to Europe, and now an extremely common weed throughout the United States.
Biology:
Edible annual broadleaf plants, thus the several common names insinuating the use of this plant for food. Widespread throughout North America, lambsquarters is a problem weed in many sites of both landscape and agriculture, as well as growing easily in dry waste areas. It can be found at elevations up to 10,000 feet. Good livestock forage plant. Growth is erect, and up to 6 feet tall, with a central stem and many branches that sometimes are striped with pink or purple. Leaves are alternate on the stems. Seeds germinate from early spring through autumn, with plants maturing as early as mid-summer.
Identification:
Latin Name: Malva Neglecta
Common Name: Common Mallow
Other Names: Buttonweed, cheeseplant, cheeseweed, cheeses, cheese mallow, dwarf mallow, running mallow, malice, round dock, round-leaved mallow, low mallow.
Pest Details
Origin:
Native to Europe - widespread in United States.
Biology:
Broadleaf annual, biennial, or perennial in some areas. Usually an annual weed, but it may survive the winter and thereby be considered a biennial.
Identification:
Mature plant bushy, well branched and spreading, from 1’ to 5’ tall. Leaves are round, with 5 to 7 shallow lobes, and alternate on the stem on stalks that are 1” to 6” long - dark green and often covered with fine hairs. Flowers on short stalks from base of leaf stalk of top of plant, small, white with pinkish tinge, 5 petals. Fruit is round and contains 10-12 kidney shaped seeds. Resembles a wheel of cheese, hence the name.
Characteristicts Important
Latin Name: Portulaca Oleracea
Common Name: Common Purslane
Other Names: Pusley, pursley, wild portulaca, pursley duckweed.
Pest Details
Origin:
Naturalized from Europe, and now a common problem weed throughout the world.
Biology:
A summer annual weed with thick, fleshy stems that grow prostrate and mat-forming along the ground. Multiple stems branch out from the base in a circle, and individual plants may grow over 6 feet in diameter in landscape or thin turf areas. Plants are able easily to tolerate dry conditions, but also do well in landscape.
Identification:
Mature plants are many-branched, with reddish, juicy stems. They form dense mats, with the tips of the stems turning upward, and in other foliage stems may grow upright. Leaves are small, oval to oblong, and fleshy, growing either opposite or alternate on the stems. They are smooth and shiny and have smooth edges. A thick taproot is present, with a wide-spreading
Latin Name: Ambrosia artemisiifolia
Common Name: Common Ragweed
Other Names: Wild tansy, hog-weed, bitter-weed, mayweed, hay-fever weed, blackweed, Roman wormweed, annual ragweed, low ragweed
Pest Details
Origin:
Native to the eastern United States, and still most common there, but found throughout North America.
Biology:
A summer annual weed with reproduction from seed. Germination is very early in the spring when soil temperatures are still very low, and when soil temperatures go above about 86 degrees germination stops. The pollen from this plant is a very common cause of hay fever symptoms.
Identification:
Mature plants are erect and well branched off of the primary stem, and stems are covered with long, rough hairs. The leaves may be hairy or nearly smooth and they are generally egg-shaped and pointed at the tip. This shape is hard to see due to the division of the leaf into leaflets, and often these leaflets
Latin Name: Holcus Lanatus
Common Name: Common Velvetgrass
Other Names: Velvetgrass, Yorkshire fog
Pest Details
Origin:
Native to Europe and now widespread throughout the United States. Less common in the far northern states. It was introduced as a forage grass, but easily escapes cultivated areas.
Biology:
A perennial grass that forms large clumps. Reproduction is from seed, but if tillering separates the clumps and root systems they easily can spread as well.
Identification:
Mature plants are erect, grayish green, and up to 2.5 feet tall. The root system is fibrous. Leaves are up to 1/3 inch wide and 6 inches long, and they are covered with soft hairs, as are the stems and the sheaths at the base of the leaves. The veins on the sheath have a pinkish tint. Flower heads from from late spring through the summer, and are dense spikes of numerous spikelets. These too are softly hairy, have a grayish tint with a
Latin Name: Spergula Arvensis
Common Name: Corn Spurry
Other Names: Stickwort, starwort, spurrey
Pest Details
Origin:
Introduced from Europe, and naturalized throughout the western United States, somewhat in the eastern part of the country.
Biology:
An annual reproducing from seeds. Common in many landscape and waste area settings.
Identification:
Mature plants have numerous long branches coming from the base and growing up to 2 feet long, with shorter branches often coming off of these. Stems are somewhat sticky, and are strong enough to support their erect growth. Leaves are narrow and fleshy, growing as whorls of more than a dozen leaves at the stem nodes. Leaves may be over 1 inch long. The white flowers have 5 broad petals and may be ¼ inch across, in very loose clusters forming at the ends of the stems.
Characteristicts Important to Control:
An annual reproducing from seeds, and tolerant
Latin Name: Trifolium Incarnatum
Common Name: Crimson Clover
Other Names: Italian clover
Pest Details
Origin:
A native of Europe, but introduced as an ornamental plant to many other areas, and now widely spread throughout the United States in the eastern half of the country and along the west coast, as well as in Hawaii.
Biology:
An annual plant that reproduces from seeds. Plants are found in disturbed sites, especially in damp soils, and are commonly planted as roadside spring wildflowers. They can be invasive in landscape and other sites.
Identification:
Mature plants grow to 3 feet in height on thin, sometimes drooping or lateral stems. Leaves are typically clover-like, with 3 separate leaflets that are round, with their bases more elongated near the central attachment point. The flower clusters are brilliant crimson red and elongate, up to 2.5 inches in length at the ends of the stems. The flowers
Latin Name: Dactyloctenium Aegyptium
Common Name: Crowfootgrass
Other Names: N/A
Pest Details
Origin:
Introduced from the Old World Tropics of Asia or Africa, and now found throughout much of the U.S., particularly in the southern states, and south throughout Latin America, in Europe, Australia, and Hawaii.
Biology:
A summer annual grass that reproduces from seeds. May invade thin areas of turf or adjacent landscape soils.
Identification:
Plants grow laterally and become mat-forming, with rooting at the nodes where stems touch the soil. Stems are thick and strong and roots are a strong, fibrous mass, making hand removal difficult. Leaf blades are broad and very short, and at the base of the blade there are rows of hairs extending outward. The flower head is umbrella like and composed of very wide spikelets, numbering from 3 to 5, radiating out sideways to give it the “crowfoot” appearance.
Latin Name: Rumex Crispus
Common Name: Curly Dock
Other Names: Sour dock, yellow dock, curled dock, curly leaf dock, narrow leaf dock
Pest Details
Origin:
Native to Europe and Asia. Now widespread in the United States.
Biology:
Perennial with a deep taproot, capable of growing and producing seeds year-round with adequate moisture. Seeds mature at various rates throughout growing season, and thus drop sporadically and may germinate at any time of the year if moisture is adequate.
Identification:
Mature plants up to 5 feet tall, with most of the height created by the enormous inflorescence and seed production – up to 40,000 seeds possible from one plant. Stems are erect and stiff, often slightly reddish. Leaves are mostly basal as a rosette around the base, with some on the stems, and very long and pointed, reaching up to 12 inches long. Leaves lack hairs and are shiny and smooth.
Characteristicts Important
Latin Name: Cyperus Retrorsus
Common Name: Cylindric Sedge
Other Names: Pine barren flatsedge
Pest Details
Origin:
A native plant in southeastern North America, now found from New York to Florida, and west to Texas and Oklahoma.
Biology:
A perennial that reproduces from seeds. It is tolerant of dry to moist habitats, and occurs in many sites including turf, roadsides, and waste areas.
Identification:
Mature plants will be very tall, with a single strong stem that terminates with the flower spikes, and several leaves arising from or near the base. Leaves are flattened and smooth. At the top of the stem several branches form, along with several stiff, upward-pointing leaves, all forming from a single point on the stem. These branches terminate with the flower spikes, which are tight cylindrical clusters about 3/8 inch long. These begin a green color and as they mature they turn to dark brown or black.