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Latin Name: Holcus Lanatus
Common Name: Common Velvetgrass
Other Names: Velvetgrass, Yorkshire fog
Pest Details
Origin:Native to Europe and now widespread throughout the United States. Less common in the far northern states. It was introduced as a forage grass, but easily escapes cultivated areas.
Biology:
A perennial grass that forms large clumps. Reproduction is from seed, but if tillering separates the clumps and root systems they easily can spread as well.
Identification:Mature plants are erect, grayish green, and up to 2.5 feet tall. The root system is fibrous. Leaves are up to 1/3 inch wide and 6 inches long, and they are covered with soft hairs, as are the stems and the sheaths at the base of the leaves. The veins on the sheath have a pinkish tint. Flower heads from from late spring through the summer, and are dense spikes of numerous spikelets. These too are softly hairy, have a grayish tint with a
Latin Name: Spergula Arvensis
Common Name: Corn Spurry
Other Names: Stickwort, starwort, spurrey
Pest Details
Origin:Introduced from Europe, and naturalized throughout the western United States, somewhat in the eastern part of the country.
Biology:
An annual reproducing from seeds. Common in many landscape and waste area settings.
Identification:Mature plants have numerous long branches coming from the base and growing up to 2 feet long, with shorter branches often coming off of these. Stems are somewhat sticky, and are strong enough to support their erect growth. Leaves are narrow and fleshy, growing as whorls of more than a dozen leaves at the stem nodes. Leaves may be over 1 inch long. The white flowers have 5 broad petals and may be ¼ inch across, in very loose clusters forming at the ends of the stems.
Characteristicts Important to Control:
An annual reproducing from seeds, and tolerant
Latin Name: Trifolium Incarnatum
Common Name: Crimson Clover
Other Names: Italian clover
Pest Details
Origin:A native of Europe, but introduced as an ornamental plant to many other areas, and now widely spread throughout the United States in the eastern half of the country and along the west coast, as well as in Hawaii.
Biology:
An annual plant that reproduces from seeds. Plants are found in disturbed sites, especially in damp soils, and are commonly planted as roadside spring wildflowers. They can be invasive in landscape and other sites.
Identification:Mature plants grow to 3 feet in height on thin, sometimes drooping or lateral stems. Leaves are typically clover-like, with 3 separate leaflets that are round, with their bases more elongated near the central attachment point. The flower clusters are brilliant crimson red and elongate, up to 2.5 inches in length at the ends of the stems. The flowers
Latin Name: Dactyloctenium Aegyptium
Common Name: Crowfootgrass
Other Names: N/A
Pest Details
Origin:Introduced from the Old World Tropics of Asia or Africa, and now found throughout much of the U.S., particularly in the southern states, and south throughout Latin America, in Europe, Australia, and Hawaii.
Biology:
A summer annual grass that reproduces from seeds. May invade thin areas of turf or adjacent landscape soils.
Identification:Plants grow laterally and become mat-forming, with rooting at the nodes where stems touch the soil. Stems are thick and strong and roots are a strong, fibrous mass, making hand removal difficult. Leaf blades are broad and very short, and at the base of the blade there are rows of hairs extending outward. The flower head is umbrella like and composed of very wide spikelets, numbering from 3 to 5, radiating out sideways to give it the “crowfoot” appearance.
Latin Name: Rumex Crispus
Common Name: Curly Dock
Other Names: Sour dock, yellow dock, curled dock, curly leaf dock, narrow leaf dock
Pest Details
Origin:Native to Europe and Asia. Now widespread in the United States.
Biology:
Perennial with a deep taproot, capable of growing and producing seeds year-round with adequate moisture. Seeds mature at various rates throughout growing season, and thus drop sporadically and may germinate at any time of the year if moisture is adequate.
Identification:Mature plants up to 5 feet tall, with most of the height created by the enormous inflorescence and seed production – up to 40,000 seeds possible from one plant. Stems are erect and stiff, often slightly reddish. Leaves are mostly basal as a rosette around the base, with some on the stems, and very long and pointed, reaching up to 12 inches long. Leaves lack hairs and are shiny and smooth.
Characteristicts Important
Latin Name: Cyperus Retrorsus
Common Name: Cylindric Sedge
Other Names: Pine barren flatsedge
Pest Details
Origin:A native plant in southeastern North America, now found from New York to Florida, and west to Texas and Oklahoma.
Biology:
A perennial that reproduces from seeds. It is tolerant of dry to moist habitats, and occurs in many sites including turf, roadsides, and waste areas.
Identification:Mature plants will be very tall, with a single strong stem that terminates with the flower spikes, and several leaves arising from or near the base. Leaves are flattened and smooth. At the top of the stem several branches form, along with several stiff, upward-pointing leaves, all forming from a single point on the stem. These branches terminate with the flower spikes, which are tight cylindrical clusters about 3/8 inch long. These begin a green color and as they mature they turn to dark brown or black.
Latin Name: Paspalum Dilatatum
Common Name: Dallisgrass
Other Names: N/A
Pest Details
Origin:Native to South America, now common throughout the southwest United States.
Biology:
A perennial grass weed that reproduces only from seed. Where regular tillage is done this is not an important weed pest, but it is common in turf, alfalfa hay fields, and in agricultural sites that are not regularly tilled. Seeds are capable of germinating throughout the year, but in cultivated crops germination seems to be primarily in mid to late spring, with plants maturing in late summer to early fall.
Identification:Mature plants can grow as tall as 4 to 5 feet. Stems have 2 to 6 nodes, and may recline or grow upward. Leaf blades are flat, about ½ inch wide, and 2 to 6 inches long. Leaves are generally hairless, and where the leaf attaches to the stem the sheath is somewhat loose. Flower heads arise off of a stem that is up to
Latin Name: Taraxacum Officinale
Common Name: Dandelion
Other Names: Lion’s-tooth, blow-ball, cankerwort, puffball, milk witch, yellow gowan, witch’s gowan, door-head-clock, common dandelion.
Pest Details
Origin:Introduced from Europe and now widespread and extremely common across North America.
Biology:
A perennial weed with a deep taproot, and propagation is by the wind-blown seeds, but plants easily re-grow from the taproot if it is not removed with the upper plant. Seeds germinate in spring to early summer, or year round in irrigated landscape environments. One of the most common weeds in turf.
Identification:Mature plants grow as a rosette of leaves around the plant crown and no true stems are present. Leaves may be as long as 12 inches and have deeply lobed margins. Older leaves will exude a milky sap if they are cut or broken. Flower stalks arise from the center of the rosette, and may grow
Latin Name: Muhlenbergia Rigens
Common Name: Deergrass
Other Names: N/A
Pest Details
Origin:Native to the west coast of the United States. Commonly used in ornamental settings due to its size and symmetry.
Biology:
A perennial grass found at elevations up to 7000 feet, in either wet or dry locations but favoring moist soils, such as stream edges, edges of meadows, gullies, or open forest areas. Suitable for grazing only with new foliage, and once mature it becomes too coarse to be palatable.
Identification:The mature plant can be as tall as 5 feet, with a great many stems that are erect to widely spreading, and forming a very symmetrical clump. Stems arise from short, knotty rhizomes. Leaves can grow to 20 inches long, and are narrow and taper to a fine tip. The collar at the base is light tan, and a short, papery ligule is present. The flower head is a very long, thin, whip-like stalk up to 20 inches long, and lined
Latin Name: Eupatorium Capillifolium
Common Name: Dogfennel
Other Names: Summer cedar
Pest Details
Origin:A native plant in North America, and found from New Jersey south to Florida, and west to Missouri and Texas. It also can be found in Latin America south to Guatemala and in the West Indies.
Biology:
A short-lived perennial that grows in a narrow, upright habit, with several strong stems arising from the base of the plant. Propagation is from seeds and from re-growth from the base of the plant. Found in many disturbed sites along roadsides or empty fields, as well as in newly planted turf and in nurseries.
Identification:Mature plants can be up to 6 feet in height with one to several stems. Stems are densely hairy and arise from a woody crown. Leaves are fairly large, but are so deeply divided that they appear feathery. Lower leaves are opposite and upper leaves are alternate, and when crushed the foliage