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- Latin Name: Echinochloa Spp.
- Latin Family Name: Poaceae
- Common Name: Barnyard Grass
- Other Names: Cocks foot panicum, cockspur grass, panic grass, water grass, summer grass, billion dollar grass, Japanese millet
Origin:
Native to Eurasia and Africa, and now occurring throughout North America. This grass will grow in virtually any situation, crop or non-crop, landscape and turf.Biology:
An annual grass weed, with seeds germinating from early spring through autumn, and plants maturing from early summer into autumn.Identification:
Mature plants may be as tall as 5 feet. Leaves are flat and wide, over ½ inch wide, and without a ligule or auricles at the base of the leaf. There may be a small tuft of hairs at the base, and the sheath around the stem is whitish. Seedhead is a coarsely branched panicle- Latin Name: Momordica Charantia
- Latin Family Name: Cucurbitaceae
- Common Name: Balsam Apple
- Other Names: Balsam pear, peria, bitter melon, cerassee, goya, bitter apple, bitter gourd, bitter squash, karavila
Origin:
A native of Asia, this noxious, invasive vine is present in the United States in several eastern states including Florida, west along the Gulf Coast to Texas, and in Hawaii.Biology:
Plants are vines which grow with twining tendrils, growing up through and over the tops of other plants. It is a common invader in landscapes. The seed pod is a large, yellow fruit that is cultivated as food in some areas, although the pods of the plant variety found in Hawaii, var. “pavel”, has a disagreeable flavor. This plant may be found in nearly any habitat, from moist to wet soils and from landscape to waste lots. Reproduction- Latin Name: Cynodon Dactylon
- Latin Family Name: Poaceae
- Common Name: Bermudagrass
- Other Names: Devil grass, dogtooth grass, scutchgrass, vine grass, wire grass
Origin:
Native to Africa, but a common weed now around the world. Several hybrids are used as desirable turf.Biology:
A perennial grass weed, that propagates from seeds, stolons, or rhizomes, and re-grows foliage each year from its extensive root system. Soil temperatures above 55 degrees trigger the start of new growth. Root systems may extend many feet underground, and over time the plant will overwhelm other turf. Stems can grown almost vinelike over the tops of landscape ornamental shrubs. Both the rhizomes (underground roots) and stolons (aboveground stems) can develop roots at the nodes, creating either aerial stems at that point, or entirely new plants. A highly- Latin Name: Acer Negundo
- Latin Family Name: Sapindaceae
- Common Name: Box Elder
- Other Names: N/A
Origin:
Native to North America, and found from coast to coast.Biology:
A perennial tree related to other maple trees, with growth as tall as 65 feet, often found in stream beds and low lying areas. Reproduction is from seeds, but extensive sprouting can occur from the shallow roots, creating problems in landscape. Extensive growth of seedlings also can be a nuisance. The troublesome Boxelder Bug is commonly associated with this tree as well, leading further to the problems from the presence of this tree in urban areas.Identification:
Leaves are pinnately compound, divided into 3 to 5 large leaflets, with one a terminal leaflet. The shape of each leaflet varies from lanceolate to oblong, their margins from- Latin Name: Medicago Lupulina
- Latin Family Name: Fabaceae
- Common Name: Black Medic
- Other Names: Trefoil, black clover, none-such, hop medic, hop clover
Origin:
Native to eastern Europe and Asia, but now found throughout the United States.Biology:
Usually a summer annual, but occasionally a biennial or a winter annual. Propagation is by seed, and seeds germinate in either fall or early spring.Identification:
A low-growing, trailing plant with stems that may reach over 2 feet in length. A taproot is present. Stems are somewhat square and radiate out from the base, but do not root at the nodes as clovers do. Leaves are divided into 3 leaflets on a short petiole. Leaflets are round and have toothed margins. Flowers are present throughout the late spring and summer, and the flower head is a small, compact- Latin Name: Rumex Obtusifolius
- Latin Family Name: Polygonaceae
- Common Name: Broadleaf Dock
- Other Names: Bitter dock, bluntleaf dock, dock leaf, dockens, butter dock
Origin:
Native to Europe and Asia. Now widespread in the United States.Biology:
Perennial with a deep taproot, capable of growing and producing seeds year-round with adequate moisture. Seeds mature at various rates throughout growing season, and thus drop sporadically and may germinate at any time of the year if moisture is adequate.Identification:
Mature plants up to 5 feet tall, with most of the height created by the enormous inflorescence and seed production – up to 40,000 seeds possible from one plant. Stems are erect and stiff, often slightly reddish. Leaves are mostly basal as a rosette around the base, with some on the stems,- Latin Name: Circaea Lutetiana
- Latin Family Name: Onagraceae
- Common Name: Broadleaf Enchanter's Nightshade
- Other Names: N/A
Origin:
Native to North America, and occurring from Maine south to Georgia, and west in all states to the Rocky Mountains.Biology:
A perennial plant that reproduces from seeds, but spreads by its underground rootstock. Usually found in shaded, moist soils, growing well among other thick foliage.Identification:
Mature plants can be over 3 feet in height, with long, stiff stems. Leaves are opposite on long stalks, and they are elongated spade shaped with sharply pointed tips and slightly toothed margins. The flowers arise alternately along the upper stalk, occurring on long, thin stalks leading to individual flowers. These are small with 4 white petals, and the 2 large sepals open- Latin Name: Erodium botrys
- Latin Family Name: Geraniaceae
- Common Name: Broadleaf Filaree
- Other Names: Filaree, long-beaked filaree
Origin:
Introduced to the United States from the Mediterranean.Biology:
Annual broadleaf weed. Its seeds germinate in the fall through early spring, making it one of the earliest weeds to grow each year. Plant matures in late spring with heavy seed production and then it dies off.Identification:
Mature plant may be prostrate or sub-erect, either reaching around 1.5 feet in height, or with stems growing outward close to the ground, and then curving upward at the ends. Short, whitish hairs grow sparsely along the stem. Leaves are simple, in that they are heavily lobed, but are not divided into leaflets on the stem the way redstem and whitestem filaree are. The deep lobes- Latin Name: Plantago Major
- Latin Family Name: Plantaginaceae
- Common Name: Broadleaf Plantain
- Other Names: Dooryard plantain, common plantain, ripple-seed plantain
Origin:
Native to Europe, but naturalized and now found commonly throughout the United States and southern Canada.Biology:
Perennial weeds that will re-grow from the crowns and roots. In mild climates the basal leaves will remain, but in colder climates the foliage dies back. While plants re-grow from the roots, the reproduction is by seeds that germinate in late spring through mid-summer, and in early fall. Plants prefer moist, nutrient-rich soils, but are tolerant of any landscape habitat and commonly are found in dry, compacted soils. They also tolerate close mowing and are a serious turf weed pest.Identification:
Mature plants have leaves- Latin Name: Portulaca Amilis
- Latin Family Name: Portulacaceae
- Common Name: Broadleaf Pink Purslane
- Other Names: Paraguayan purslane
Origin:
Native to South America, and found in the United States from North Carolina to all of Florida.Biology:
An summer annual plant that grows in a prostrate, spreading habit, potentially forming thick mats over the soil. Plants favor open, disturbed habitats and flowering occurs from midsummer into early fall.Identification:
Mature plants form thick mats on the soil. Stems and leaves are very thick and fleshy, with the leaves only about ½ inch long, but wide and flat, and crowded along the stems. Lighter-colored hairs can be found in the axils of the leaves. Flowers occur at the ends of the stems, and they are about ½ inch in diameter and have 5 bright